The lower back (lumbar spine) is a fairly complex structure. It consists of 5 vertebrates, the lowest is the L4-L5. This ...

Ligaments and muscles connect these vertebrae, and a disc separates most of the vertebrae and acts like a cushion to absorb shock along the spine. Each vertebra is numbered and grouped into 5 regions.

The patient may change positions frequently, stating that staying in any one position too long increases the pain. Flexibility is tested with lumbar spine flexion and extension.

Many clinicians subscribe to the concept of a “back related” hamstring injury (or more specifically lumbar spine related), 3– 5 although this is a controversial paradigm to researchers as no specific ...

A more detailed follow up study should be considered to investigate which particular training activities have the most impact on the lumbar spine, and how to modify training methods so as to avoid the ...