Token Ring naturally uses the ring architecture. A mesh topology is usually found in a wide area network (WAN) to provide redundant paths between locations. See Ethernet and Token Ring.

Bus topologies are not widely used in modern networking as they are not well suited to dealing with large amounts of data. They are used when a small, cheap and often temporary network is needed ...

In a network, this is often done through inputting a username and password. For networks that require high levels of security, this may include other factors. These are known as the three factors ...

The FT-TIDCN method achieves topology identification in finite time, bypassing the slower asymptotic approaches commonly used in network analysis. It effectively deals with the complexities ...

A physical topology is how they are actually interconnected with wires and cables. For example, in a shared Ethernet network that uses hubs rather than switches, the logical topology appears as if ...