and the lytic vacuoles of acidic pH, which are equivalent in function to lysosomes in mammalian cells (Figure 1). A special feature of guard cells is that they can increase or decrease their ...

In the model, this is the plastic box. Vacuole close vacuoleFilled with cell sap to store nutrients and help keep the cell turgid.: In the model, this is the sandwich bag of water. Chloroplasts ...

Damage to the cell wall can lead to vacuole rupture and cell death. A conserved mechanism involving ATG8ylation, where ATG8 is relocated to the vacuole membrane, helps protect against this.